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1.
Acta méd. peru ; 40(2)abr. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1519929

ABSTRACT

Para determinar los efectos de la corioamnionitis histológica en el neurodesarrollo de los prematuros menores de 34 semanas evaluados a los 2 años de edad corregida se realizó un estudio secundario de casos y controles. Fueron analizados los datos clínicos, hallazgos histológicos de la placenta e índices del desarrollo medidos por la Escala Bayley III de 38 niños expuestos y 53 niños no expuestos. Las infecciones genitourinarias de la madre y la sepsis precoz fueron más frecuentes en el grupo expuesto (p<0,005). Las dimensiones del desarrollo cognitivo, motor y lenguaje fueron normales en ambos grupos. Los expuestos al subtipo subcorionitis obtuvieron menor desempeño en las tres dimensiones. La corioamnionitis histológica no mostró influencia sobre el neurodesarrollo en prematuros menores de 34 semanas a los 2 años de edad. Se recomienda estudios longitudinales y multicéntricos para definir los efectos a largo plazo.


SUMMARY The objective of this study was to determine the effects of histologically diagnosed chorioamnionitis on neurodevelopment of premature babies born with less than 34-week gestational age who were assessed at two-year corrected age. A secondary case-control study was carried out. Clinical data, placental histological findings, and development indexes assessed using the Bayley III scale were analyzed in 38 exposed children and 53 non-exposed children. Genitourinary infections in mothers and early sepsis were more frequent in the exposed group (p<0.005). Cognitive development, motor development and language were normal in both groups. Those children exposed to the chorionitis subtype had lower scores in the aforementioned variables. Histologically diagnosed chorioamnionitis did not show any influence on neurodevelopment in premature babies born with less than 34-week gestational age when they were assessed at two years. Longitudinal and multicenter studies are advised in order to define the long-term effects.

2.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol. (En línea) ; 22(1): 1-11, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1444997

ABSTRACT

Las investigaciones muestran que un número importante de niños nacidos prematuros (antes de las 37 semanas de gestación) presentan dificultades en su desarrollo, entre ellas el desarrollo lingüístico. Las investigaciones previas indican que algunas complicaciones biomédicas, como la hemorragia intraventricular (los grados III y IV), la leucomalacia periventricular y la displasia broncopulmonar, incrementan la probabilidad de presentar alteraciones en el desarrollo de la cognición y/o del lenguaje, por lo que se hace necesario realizar investigaciones que proporcionen más información y con ello poder anticiparse a posibles consecuencias en los aprendizajes futuros de estos niños nacidos bajo la condición de prematuridad. Es así, que los objetivos de este estudio fueron medir el tamaño del léxico temprano en niños muy prematuros y prematuros extremos (con y sin complicaciones biomédicas) a los 24 meses de edad corregida, así como también determinar la asociación entre número de complicaciones biomédicas presentes y el tamaño del léxico. Para ello, se trabajó con 108 niños divididos en tres grupos: 39 niños prematuros de alto riesgo (con complicaciones biomédicas), 36 niños prematuros de bajo riesgo (sin complicaciones biomédicas asociadas a alteraciones del lenguaje y /o cognición) y 33 niños nacidos de término. Todos fueron evaluados con el Inventario II de Desarrollo de Habilidades Comunicativas MacArthur-Bates. Los resultados muestran que los niños nacidos de término tienen significativamente mayor tamaño del léxico que los prematuros, no existiendo diferencias en los resultados entre prematuros de bajo riesgo y los prematuros de alto riesgo. Por otra parte, el tamaño del léxico no presenta correlación con las complicaciones biomédicas.


Research shows that a significant number of children born preterm (before 37 weeks of gestation) have developmental difficulties, among them disturbances in language development. Studies indicate that some biomedical complications such as intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV), periventricular leukomalacia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia increase the probability of cognitive and/or language development disorders. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more studies that provide information that allows anticipating possible consequences in the learning process of children born prematurely. The aims of this study were to measure the early vocabulary size in very preterm and extremely preterm children (with and without biomedical complications) at 24 months of corrected age and to determine the association between the number of biomedical complications and vocabulary size. To that effect, we worked with 108 children divided into three groups: 39 high-risk preterm children (with biomedical complications), 36 low-risk preterm children (without biomedical complications associated with language and/or cognitive disturbances), and 33 full-term children. All children were evaluated using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory II. The results show that the vocabulary size of full-term children is significantly larger than that of preterm children and that no differences exist between the group of high-risk versus low-risk preterm children. On the other hand, vocabulary size does not correlate withbiomedical complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Vocabulary , Infant, Extremely Premature , Language Development , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Assessment , Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 82: e0020, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441326

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Non-glaucomatous papillary cupping constitutes an important differential diagnosis in daily medical practice. There are patients diagnosed and treated as glaucoma, who do not present the disease and are part of the large group of non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies. This case emphasizes directing the diagnostic gaze to these "apparently glaucomatous" optic nerves through a case of periventricular leukomalacia. Patients with a history of prematurity, alterations in the cerebral white matter and presence of optic nerve excavations with normal intraocular pressures.


RESUMO A escavação papilar não glaucomatosa constitui um importante diagnóstico diferencial na prática médica diária. Há pacientes que recebem o diagnóstico de e tratamento para glaucoma, que não apresentam a doença e fazem parte do grande grupo de neuropatias ópticas não glaucomatosas. Este caso enfatiza o direcionamento do olhar diagnóstico para nervos ópticos "aparentemente glaucomatosos" através de um episódio de leucomalácia periventricular. Pacientes com histórico de prematuridade, alterações na substância branca do cérebro e presença de escavações do nervo óptico com pressões intraoculares normais.

4.
Multimed (Granma) ; 24(6): 1417-1437, nov.-dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143342

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la repercusión de la corioamnionitis como factor de riesgo en la sepsis neonatal temprana para la madre y el neonato en el Hospital provincial Universitario Docente "Carlos M. de Céspedes" en Bayamo, Granma en los cinco primeros meses del año 2019. Objetivo: profundizar el conocimiento de este factor de riesgo, suetiopatogenia, factores predisponentes, diagnóstico clínico y de laboratorio, riesgos para la madre y repercusión en el recién nacido, su prevención y tratamiento. Métodos: se utilizaron libros de texto específicos de Medicina y se realizó la recopilación de artículos de Internet a través de buscadores como el Servicio de la Editorial Elsevier, Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Nación, LILACS, MEDLINE con la asistencia del buscador específico PUBMED, IMBIOMED, La Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO. Resultados: su incidencia en los partos pretérmino es mayor que en las gestaciones a término. Representa una de las tres principales causas de infección antes de término del embarazo con membranas íntegras y en caso de rotura prematura de membranas. Conclusiones: la repercusión en la madre incluye el parto pretérmino, si cesárea (atonía uterina o hemorragia postparto, absceso pélvico, tromboembolismo y endometritis, sepsis puerperal y la infección del torrente sanguíneo, mientras que en el neonato la leucomalacia periventricular con la consiguiente hemorragia periventricular, la broncodisplasia pulmonar, enterocolitis necrotizante, parálisis cerebral y el retraso mental.


ABSTRACT Introduction: a bibliographical review on the impact of Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor in early neonatal sepsis for the mother and the newborn in the provincial University Hospital "Carlos M. de Céspedes" is carried out in Bayamo, Granma in the first five months of the year 2019. Objective: to deepen the knowledge of this risk factor, its pathogenesis, predisposing factors, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, risks to the mother and repercussion in the newborn, its prevention and treatment. Methods: medicine-specific textbooks were used and the collection of Internet articles was made through search engines such as the service of the Editorial Elsevier, Secretariat of Science and Technology of the nation, LILACS, MEDLINE with the assistance of Specific search engine PUBMED, imbiomed, the Cochrane Library, SciELO. Results: its incidence in preterm births is greater than in term gestations. It represents one of the three main causes of infection before the end of pregnancy with intact membranes and in case of premature rupture of membranes. Conclusion: the impact on the mother includes preterm delivery, if caesarean section (uterine sluggishness or postpartum hemorrhage, pelvic abscess, thromboembolism and endometritis, puerperal sepsis and bloodstream infection, while in the neonate the Periventricular periventricular with consequent periventricular hemorrhage, pulmonary broncodisplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, cerebral palsy and mental retardation.


RESUMO Introdução: uma revisão bibliográfica é realizada sobre o impacto da coioamnionite como fator de risco na sepse neonatal precoce para mãe e recém-nascidos no Hospital Escolar Provincial "Carlos M. de Céspedes" em Bayamo, Granma nos primeiros cinco meses de 2019. Objetivo: aprofundar o conhecimento desse fator de risco, sua etiopatogeneia, fatores predisponderantes, diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial, riscos para a mãe e impacto sobre o recém-nascido, sua prevenção e tratamento. Métodos: foram utilizados livros didáticos específicos de Medicina e o recolhimento de artigosna Internet foi realizado por meio de mecanismos de busca como o Serviço de Publicação Elsevier, Secretaria de Ciência e Técnica da Nação, LILACS, MEDLINE com o auxílio do mecanismo de busca específico PUBMED, IMBIOMED, The Cochrane Library, SciELO. Resultados: sua incidência em partos prematuros é maior do que nas gestações a termo. Representa uma das três principais causas de infecção antes do fim da gravidez com membranas completas e em caso de ruptura prematura de membranas. Conclusões: o impacto sobre a mãe inclui nascimento prematuro, se cesariana (atonia uterina ou hemorragia pós-parto, abscesso pélvico, tromboembolismo e endometrite, sepse pós-parto e infecção por corrente sanguínea, enquanto na leucomalacia periventricular neonate com hemorrhagem periventricular consequente, broncododisplasia pulmonar, enterocolite necrosante, paralisia cerebral e retardo mental.

5.
Metro cienc ; 28(3): 19-24, 2020/09/01. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146015

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La enfermedad hipóxico-isquémica constituye una de las principales causas de morbi-mortalidad neurológica en el recién nacido. Las diferentes adaptacio-nes vasculares a la hipoxia tanto en el neonato pretérmino como en niño a término hacen que su presentación en neuroimagen, sobre todo en el ultrasonido (US) sea caracterizable según el territorio afectado y el momento de la enfermedad. El ultrasonido se ha convertido en una poderosa herramienta para la evaluación del recién nacido con sospecha de EHI, y el patrón de las lesiones tiene importantes implicaciones en el tratamiento y en el pronóstico neurológico a largo plazo. A continuación, presentamos el caso de un recién nacido masculino, prematuro extremo, que requirió reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada en el nacimiento y que además presento dos episodios de parada cardiorrespiratoria en el segundo y tercer día de vida, en el cual se llegó al diagnóstico con patrones ecográficos característicos de lesión isquémica y además se detalla la evolución de los hallazgos en el tiempo.Palabras claves: Enfermedad hipóxico-isquémica, ultrasonido transfontanelar, matriz germinal, leucomalacia periventricular.


ABSTRACT Hypoxic-ischemic disease is one of the main causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the newborn. The different vascular adaptations to hypoxia in both the preterm and term infants make their presentation on neuroimaging, especially on ultrasound (US), characterizable according to the affected terri-tory and the time of the disease. Ultrasound has become a powerful tool for evaluating the newborn with suspected IBD, and the pattern of the lesions has important implications for treatment and long-term neurological prognosis. Next, we present the case of a male newborn, extremely premature, who required advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation at birth and who also presented two episodes of cardiorespiratory arrest on the second and third day of life, in which the diagnosis was reached with patterns sonographic characteristics of ischemic injury and also the evolution of the findings over time.Keywords: Hypoxic-ischemic disease, transfontanelar ultrasound, germ matrix, periventricular leukomalacia


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Ultrasonography , Hypoxia , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Morbidity , Neuroimaging
6.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(2): 229-238, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127156

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar el riesgo de daño cerebral en prematuros menores de 34 semanas expuestos a corioamnionitis histológica (CAH). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, durante el 2015. Fueron incluidos prematuros menores de 34 semanas que tuvieran examen histopatológico de la placenta. Los tipos de CAH evaluados fueron subcorionitis, corionitis, corioamnionitis, con o sin funisitis. El daño cerebral se evaluó en tres periodos de edad, entre 0 y 7 días, entre 7 y 30 días y a las 40 semanas gestacionales corregidas. Se realizó un seguimiento neurológico y controles con ecografía cerebral. Resultados: Se estudiaron 85 prematuros, 47,1% eran mujeres y la media de la edad gestacional fue de 30,9 semanas. El 42% (36/85) nacieron expuestos a CAH. La ruptura prematura de membrana fue la principal generatriz de sepsis, y la sepsis se relacionó con daño neurológico. La CAH estuvo asociada con hemorragia intraventricular (HIV) durante la primera semana y con lesiones de la sustancia blanca entre los 7 y 30 días de edad (p = 0,035). El tipo corioamnionitis de CAH se asoció al daño neurológico durante la primera semana (RR = 2,11; IC 95%: 1,09-4,11) y entre los 7 y 30 días de vida (RR = 2,72; IC 95%: 1,07-6,88). Conclusiones: La corioamnionitis fue un factor de riesgo para desarrollar lesiones cerebrales en prematuros menores de 34 semanas, para HIV durante los primeros 7 días y lesiones de sustancia blanca entre los 7 y los 30 días de edad. A las 40 semanas de edad corregida, los prematuros extremos con CAH tuvieron lesiones cerebrales más extensas.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the risk of brain damage in premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age exposed to histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). Materials and methods: A cohort study was conducted at the Hospital Cayetano Heredia, during 2015. Premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age, who had histopathological examination of the placenta, were included. The types of HCA evaluated were sub-chorionitis, chorionitis, chorioamnionitis, with or without funisitis. Brain damage was evaluated in three age periods, between 0 and 7 days, between 7 and 30 days and at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age. A neurological follow-up and regular controls were performed with brain ultrasound. Results: A total of 85 premature infants were included, 47.1% were women and the mean gestational age was 30.9 weeks. From the total, 42% (36/85) were born exposed to HCA. Premature rupture of membranes was the main cause of sepsis, which was related to neurological damage. HCA was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) during the first week and with white matter lesions between 7 and 30 days of age (p = 0.035). The chorioamnionitis type of HCA was associated with neurological damage during the first week (RR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.09-4.11) and between 7 and 30 days of age (RR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.07-6.88). Conclusions: Chorioamnionitis was a risk factor for developing brain injuries in premature infants under 34 weeks of gestational age. It was also a risk factor for HIV during the first 7 days and for white matter injuries between 7 and 30 days of age. At 40 weeks of corrected gestational age, extreme premature infants with HCA had more extensive brain damage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Brain Injuries , Infant, Premature , Chorioamnionitis , Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Neonatology , Neurology , Peru/epidemiology , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Brain Injuries/epidemiology , Risk , Cohort Studies , Chorioamnionitis/epidemiology , Gestational Age , Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage , Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
7.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 36(3): 448-453, jul.-sep. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058751

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de describir la frecuencia y severidad de la hemorragia intraventricular y leucomalacia periventricular en neonatos de bajo peso en tres hospitales de Lima, Perú se evaluaron 385 neonatos menores de 2000 g de peso al nacer durante mayo del 2012 a julio del 2014. Se obtuvo ultrasonidos cerebrales a las 40 semanas de gestación, 3-5 días de vida y 3-4 semanas de vida. Hemorragia intraventricular se presentó en 19,2% neonatos con menos de 1500 g y fue severa (grado III o con infarto hemorrágico periventricular) en 9,6% neonatos menores de 1500 g. La mortalidad en neonatos con hemorragia intraventricular fue de 47,1%, se encontró leucomalacia periventricular en 5,4% de los neonatos menores de 1500 g. Ambos diagnósticos fueron más frecuentes en neonatos con menor peso. La frecuencia de hemorragia intraventricular es similar a lo reportado en otros países; sin embargo, la severidad y mortalidad es mayor.


ABSTRACT To describe the frequency and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in low birth-weight neonates in three hospitals in Lima, Peru, 385 newborn babies weighing under 2,000 g at birth were evaluated between May 2012 and July 2014. Brain ultrasounds were obtained at 40 weeks' gestation, 3-5 days of life, and 3-4 weeks of life. Intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 19.2% of neonates weighing under 1,500 g and was severe (grade III or with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction) in 9.6% of neonates under 1,500 g. Mortality in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage was 47.1%, while periventricular leukomalacia was found in 5.4% of neonates 1,500 g and under; both diagnoses were more frequent in lower-weight babies. The frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage is similar to that reported in other countries; however, severity and mortality are greater.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/epidemiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Peru/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Urban Health , Prospective Studies , Hospitals
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(supl.3): 10-14, set. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY, UY-BNMED | ID: biblio-1040542

ABSTRACT

Los nacimientos prematuros son uno de los principales indicadores de salud de un país. Están asociados a una alta mortalidad e importante morbilidad en niños con parálisis cerebral y otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo, incluyendo problemas cognitivos y del aprendizaje. Los principales tipos de lesión encefálica en los recién nacidos prematuros son: a) las lesiones de la sustancia blanca, generalmente asociadas a alteraciones neuronales y axonales en la corteza cerebral y otras zonas de sustancia gris; b) hemorragias intracraneanas que incluyen las de la matriz germinal, intraventriculares e intraparenquimatosas y c) del cerebelo. Las lesiones de sustancia blanca incluyen la leucomalacia periventricular quística, no quística (con focos de necrosis microscópicos) y lesiones difusas de sustancia blanca, no necróticas. Estas lesiones tienen múltiples factores etiológicos. Las características anatómicas y fisiológicas de las estructuras vasculares periventriculares predisponen a la sustancia blanca a ser muy vulnerable a las situaciones de isquemia cerebral y, en interacción con factores infecciosos/inflamatorios, activan a las microglías generando estrés oxidativo (por liberación de radicales libres del oxígeno y del nitrógeno), liberación de citoquinas proinflamatorias, liberación de glutamato, fallo energético y alteración de la integridad vascular. Todo lo anteriormente mencionado genera una particular vulnerabilidad de los pre-oligodendrocitos que termina alterando la mielinización. La hipoxia-isquemia también puede producir necrosis neuronal selectiva en diferentes regiones encefálicas. La matriz germinal es un área altamente vascularizada en la región subependimaria periventricular con una estructura capilar muy frágil que la predispone a las hemorragias.


Preterm birth is one of the main country health indicators. It is associated with high mortality and significant morbidity in preterm newborns with cerebral palsy and potential long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities like cognitive and learning problems. The main lesions could be: a) white matter injuries, generally associated with cortical and other regions of grey matter neuronal-axonal disturbances; b) intracranial hemorrhage that includes germinal matrix, intraventricular and parenchymal, c) cerebellum injuries. The white matter lesions include cystic and non-cystic (with microscopic focal necrosis) periventricular leukomalacia and non-necrotic diffuse white matter injury. Multiple etiologic factors are associated with these injuries. Anatomical and physiological characteristics of periventricular vascular structures predispose white matter to cerebral ischemia and, interacting with infection/inflammation factors, activate microglia, generating oxidative stress (mediated by free oxygen and nitrogen radicals), pro-inflammatory cytokine and glutamate toxicity, energetic failure and vascular integrity disturbances. All these factors lead to a particular vulnerability of pre-oligodendrocytes that will affect myelination. Hypoxia-ischemia also may produce selective neuronal necrosis in different cerebral regions. Germinal matrix is a highly vascularized zone beneath ependymal or periventricular region that constitutes a capillary bed with a particular structural fragility that predispose it to hemorrhage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/etiology , Brain Injuries/etiology , Infant, Premature , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Cerebral Palsy/etiology , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/etiology , Brain Injuries/mortality , Brain Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Brain Ischemia/mortality , Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Palsy/mortality , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/mortality , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnostic imaging , White Matter/pathology
9.
Arch. Health Sci. (Online) ; 25(1): 3-5, 23/04/2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046560

ABSTRACT

Introdução:Polimorfismos em genes de citocinas inflamatórias (TNF-α e IL-1ß) e antiinflamatórias (IL-10) intensificam a resposta inflamatória, após anóxia, aumentando as afecções decorrentes da síndrome hipóxico-isquêmica como a leucomalácia periventricular (LPV). Objetivos: Investigar a associação entre ambos os polimorfismos inflamatórios (-1031T/C no gene TNF-α e -511C/T no gene IL-1ß) e o antiinflamatório (-1082G/A no gene IL-10) e a etiopatogênese/risco da LPV em neonatos com esta afecção. Material e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de casos-controle em 50 neonatos prematuros e a termo (Grupo Casos) e em 50 neonatos a termo (Grupo Controle), de ambos os sexos. DNA foi extraído de leucócitos de sangue periférico e a análise molecular realizada pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/Análise de Restrição Enzimática (PCR/RFLP). Resultados: A idade gestacional média entre casos e controles foi, respectivamente, de 31,0 semanas e 39,4 semanas (p<0,0001). O peso médio, em gramas, foi de 1561,1 para os casos e 3509,9 para controles (p<0,0001). Foi encontrada associação entre o genótipo TC (produtor intermediário de citocina inflamatória) (OR: 2.495; IC95%: 1,10-5,63; p=0,043) assim como entre os genótipos TC+CC (produtores inflamatórios intermediário+alto) (OR: 2,471; IC95%: 1,10-5,55; p=0,044) no gene TNF-α e o risco de LPV. Estatisticamente significante associação foi encontrada entre os genótipos (CT+TT) (produtores inflamatórios intermediário+alto) (OR: 23,120; IC95%: 1,31-409,4; p=0,003) no gene IL-1ß e o risco de LPV. No gene IL-10, foi encontrada reduçãosignificativa do risco de LPV para o genótipo GG (alto produtor antiinflamatório) (OR: 0,07407; IC95%: 0,02-0,34; p<0,0001)assim como para o alelo G (OR: 0,5098; IC95%: 0,29-0,91; p=0,030). Conclusão: há associação entre os polimorfismosinflamatórios (-1031T/C no gene TNF-α e -511C/T no gene IL-1ß) e o risco de desenvolvimento de LPV e associação entre opolimorfismo antiinflamatório (-1082G/A no gene IL-10) na proteção ao desenvolvimento da LPV, na população estudada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/diagnostic imaging , Cytokines/genetics
10.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 29(4): 5025-5031, 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-982104

ABSTRACT

La hipoxia perinatal es una condición médica que tiene una incidencia de dos a cuatro casos por cada mil nacidos vivos. Las principales causas están relacionadas con condiciones que se dan en el anteparto. La evaluación por resonancia magnética (RM) es un método fundamental para determinar el tipo y extensión del compromiso. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura radiológica disponible y posteriormente una evaluación retrospectiva de los pacientes de nuestra institución con el fin de ilustrar, con ejemplos de la práctica diaria, las diferentes presentaciones de dicha entidad, según la edad del paciente al momento de la lesión y el grado de la misma. Se confirmó la utilidad de la RM para caracterizar las diferentes lesiones secundarias a la hipoxia en el periodo perinatal.


Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy has an incidence between two and four in a thousand newborns. The main causes are related to prenatal factors. Evaluation by MRI has a fundamental role to determine the type and degree of injury. In the following study we reviewed the most concise available radiologic literature and then we made a retrospective evaluation of different cases in our institution to illustrate with examples of our daily practice the different presentations of this entity according to the age of the patient, the timing of the injury and its severity. The value of MRI to characterize the different presentation of these lesions in the perinatal period was confirmed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Brain Injuries
11.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 87(2): 224-240, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-751820

ABSTRACT

Con frecuencia se emplean los términos leucomalacia periventricular, daño a la sustancia blanca y encefalopatía de la prematuridad como sinónimos; sin embargo, no son exactamente lo mismo. Se realiza esta revisión con el objetivo de fundamentar la consistencia del término encefalopatía de la prematuridad, a partir de una actualización sobre su fisiopatología, diagnóstico y pronóstico. La leucomalacia periventricular tiene 2 componentes principales, uno macroscópico quístico y otro microscópico, que puede ser focal o difuso. El daño a la sustancia blanca es el hallazgo neuropatológico más común de parálisis cerebral en los recién nacidos pretérminos, que identifica cualquier anormalidad en la sustancia blanca. La encefalopatía de la prematuridad, en cambio, es un término mucho más abarcador, porque en su origen parecen tener importancia los trastornos destructivos primarios y los relacionados con el desarrollo cerebral. Su fisiopatología se ha tratado de explicar mediante 2 modelos teóricos: el infeccioso-inflamatorio y el hemodinámico. Para su diagnóstico resultan necesarias la evaluación neuroimaginológica y la del neurodesarrollo, en la que a menudo se diagnostica la presencia de parálisis cerebral o trastornos del desarrollo intelectual, aisladamente o en asociación. Es muy probable que la encefalopatía de la prematuridad tienda a afianzarse cada día más como una entidad nosológica independiente, dadas sus implicaciones médicas y sociales.


Some terms such as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), white matter damage (WMD) and encephalopathy of prematurity are used as synonyms; however, they are not exactly the same. This review was aimed at substantiating the consistency of the term encephalopathy of prematurity, on the basis of its physiopathology, diagnosis and prognosis. Periventricular leukomalacia has two main components, one macroscopic cystic and the other microscopic one which can be focal or diffuse. The white matter damage is the most common neuropathological feature of cerebral palsy in preterm infants, which identifies any anomalies in the white matter. In turn, encephalopathy of prematurity is a much more comprehensive term because it seems that both primary destructive disorders and those related to brain development are influential in its origin. Its physiopathology has been explained by two theoretical models: the infective-inflammatory one and the hemodynamic one. Neuroimaginological and neurodevelopmental evaluations are necessary for the diagnosis, where the presence of cerebral palsy and of intellectual development disorders, either isolated or combined, is detected. It is much likely that encephalopathy of prematurity tends to increasingly consolidate as an independent nosological entity, taking into account its medical and social implications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/epidemiology
12.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-750863

ABSTRACT

A leucomalácia periventricular (LPV) é, na atualidade, a causa mais importante de lesão cerebral no lactente prematuro, determinando sequelas ao neurodesenvolvimento. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar o conhecimento atual acerca da fisiopatologia da LPV, seus principais tipos de lesões, métodos diagnósticos disponíveis, tratamento e as consequências ao neurodesenvolvimento dos prematuros e métodos preventivos. Foi realizada a busca de artigos na base de dados do Medline, por meio do Pubmed, usando os termos: leucomalácia periventricular, paralisia cerebral e prematuridade. Foram selecionados os artigos mais relevantes, além de estudos históricos. A LPV difusa caracteriza-se por lesões microscópicas e deve-se à destruição de pré-oligodendrócitos e as sequelas neuropatológicas são a diminuição da mielinização e ventriculomegalia. Existe associação causal entre infecção materna, inflamação placentária e a leucomalácia periventricular, por ocasionarem aumento de citoquinas inflamatórias na circulação fetal. Não existe tratamento médico corrente para LPV. Inibidores de radicais livres estão sendo investigados para determinar se eles têm papel na prevenção da injúria aos oligodendrócitos na LPV. A prevenção do nascimento prematuro é o meio mais importante de prevenir LPV; e serviços de follow up para esses recém-nascidos são necessários para se diagnosticar déficits precocemente e iniciar estímulos que possam minimizar os danos neurológicos.


Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is currently the most important cause of brain damage in premature infants determining sequels to neurodevelopment. This study aims to evaluate the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of PVL, its main types of lesions, diagnostic methods available, treatment, consequences to the neurodevelopment of preterms, and preventive methods. A search for articles in the Medline database through Pubmed was conducted using the terms: periventricular leukomalacia, cerebral palsy, and prematurity. The most relevant articles were selected in addition to historical studies. The diffuse PVL is characterized by microscopic lesions due to pre-oligodendrocyte destruction, and the neuropathological consequences are declining myelination and ventriculomegaly. There is a causal association between maternal infection, placental inflammation, and periventricular leukomalacia caused by inflammatory cytokines increase in fetal circulation. There is no current medical treatment for PVL. Free radical inhibitors are being investigated to determine whether they have a role in preventing injury to oligodendrocytes in the PVL. The prevention of a preterm birth is the most important means of preventing PVL; follow-up services to these newborns are necessary to diagnose early deficits and the start of stimuli that can minimize neurological damage.

13.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 22(supl.7): 57-62, dez. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-868408

ABSTRACT

Os avanços nos cuidados perinatais nos últimos anos têm contribuído para a sobrevivência de lactentes nascidos entre 22 e 25 semanas de vida intrauterina. E a despeito da melhoria na morbidade perinatal, o nascimento pré-termo apresenta-se como um grande problema neonatal e obstétrico em nível mundial. Com as melhores práticas em perinatologia, que começa com a melhora de qualidade na atenção perinatal, é possível vislumbrar diminuição da morbidade cerebral e pulmonar no recém-nascido de extremo baixo peso. A intervenção em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde é necessária para reduzir a morbidade e mortalidade desses recém-nascidos. As sequelas mais comuns no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor nos primeiros anos de vida são: paralisia cerebral, retardo mental, prejuízos neurossensoriais (déficit visual e auditivo), além de disfunção neuromotora e de coordenação. Com base na revisão da literatura, o objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma atualização da assistência à prematuridade, ressaltando seus principais pontos de atuação a fim de minimizar danos ao recém-nascido pré-termo.(AU)


Perinatal care in the last few years has contributed to the survival of neonates born after 22-25 weeks of intra-uterine life. In spite of reductions in perinatal morbidity, preterm birth remains a worldwide neonatal and obstetric challenge. Better perinatology practices, beginning with better quality perinatal care, have allowed for decreased cerebral and pulmonary morbidity of extreme low-birthweight neonates. Interventions at all levels of health care are necessary to reduce the morbimortality of these neonates. The most common neuropsychomotor sequelae in the first years of life are: cerebral palsy, mental retardation, neurosensorial impairment (visual and auditory deficits), and neuromotor and coordination deficits. We reviewed the literature and updated the issue of premature neonatal care, highlighting the main interventions aimed at reducing injury to these neonates.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/prevention & control , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Perinatal Care , Premature Birth , Delivery of Health Care
14.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 75(3): 172-178, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577410

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria fetal (SRIF) es una entidad relacionada con la presencia de inflamación intrauterina y suele asociarse a infección intraamniótica. Su consecuencia más grave es la lesión cerebral y posterior desarrollo de parálisis cerebral. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria fetal y el desarrollo de complicaciones neonatales. Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, realizado en el Hospital Universitario La Paz de Madrid, buscando una aproximación al SRIF desde la corioamnionitis histológica/funiculitis. El grupo de estudio constituido por 35 gestaciones simples pretérmino recogidas durante el primer semestre de 2008 y en las que la anatomía patológica de la placenta y anexos ovulares demostró la presencia de una corioamnionitis histológica y/o funiculitis. Resultados: Siete casos (20 por ciento) presentaban clínica sospechosa de infección intraamniótica, si bien en 28 gestantes (80 por ciento) existían factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria fetal. Mortalidad perinatal en el grupo estudiado fue de 11,4 por ciento (4 casos). Sólo en 2 pacientes (5,7 por ciento) se pudo relacionar la muerte con el SRIF. En 28 recién nacidos (80 por ciento) se encontró algún tipo de patología, siendo la misma inherente a dicho síndrome en 17 casos (48,6 por ciento), destacando sepsis neonatal (40 por ciento), leucomalacia periventricular (14,3 por ciento) y displasia broncopulmonar (5,7 por ciento). Conclusión: Se comprueba el alto riesgo neonatal del SRIF. El conocimiento de esta condición, abre una serie de controversias diagnósticas y terapéuticas que obliga a una reevaluación de los protocolos actuales de manejo de la amenaza de parto pretérmino y la rotura prematura de membranas de pretérmino.


Background: The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is an entity related to intrauterine inflammation which is commonly associated with intraamniotic infection. The most serious consequence is the neurologic damage and the subsequent development of cerebral palsy. Aims: To evaluate the relationship between the fetal inflammatory response syndrome and the development of neonatal complications. Method: Descriptive and retrospective study realized in "La Paz" University Hospital of Madrid, looking for an approximation to the FIRS from histologic chorioamnionitis/funisitis. Group of study constituted by 35 single preterm gestations collected during the first semester of 2008 and in which the pathologic anatomy study of the placenta and annexes showed the presence of histological corioamnionitis and / or funisitis. Results: Suspicious clinic was found in 7 cases (20 percent) but in 28 cases (80 percent) risk factors associated to FIRS were present. Perinatal mortality found was 11.4 percent (4 cases). Only in 2 cases (5.7 percent) the cause was relationated with FIRS. Pathology associated was found in 28 newborn (80 percent), being 17 cases (48.6 percent) pathology associated with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, enhancing neonatal sepsis (40 percent), periventricular leukomalacia (14.3 percent), and bronchopulmonar dysplasia (5.7 percent). Conclusion: It is verified that FIRS enteals a high neonatal risk. The knowledge of this entity opens some diagnostic and therapeutic controversies. Current management protocols of preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes should be revised.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Chorioamnionitis/pathology , Cerebral Palsy/etiology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/complications , Chorioamnionitis/epidemiology , Infant Mortality , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/epidemiology , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/etiology , Morbidity , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Premature Birth , Cerebral Palsy/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Spain , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/epidemiology
15.
São Paulo; s.n; 2009. [123] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-587196

ABSTRACT

A avaliação através de imagem por ressonância magnética (RM) com utilização de sequências convencionais demonstra evidência de lesões destrutivas ou malformativas do sistema nervoso central em 70-90% das crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC), embora sua capacidade para identificação de tratos específicos da substância branca seja limitada. A grande variabilidade das lesões da substância branca na PC, já demonstrada por estudos post-mortem, é tida como uma das razões pelas quais as respostas a tratamento se mostrem tão variadas. Nossa hipótese é de que a técnica de imagem por tensores de difusão (TD) seja uma técnica apropriada para caracterização in vivo de lesões em tratos específicos da substância branca em crianças com PC associada à leucomalácia periventricular (LMP). Neste estudo, 24 crianças com PC associada à LMP e 35 controles normais foram avaliados pela técnica. Foram estabelecidos critérios para identificação de 26 tratos da substância branca com base nos mapas de cores bidimensionais gerados utilizando-se TD. Um sistema de escore qualitativo foi criado, com base na inspeção visual dos tratos em comparação com controles pareados por idade, para graduar a gravidade das anormalidades, sendo aplicado para cada trato da substância branca estudado. Foi encontrada uma grande variabilidade do padrão de lesões da substância branca nos pacientes com LMP, com as lesões mais frequentes ocorrendo na porção retrolenticular da cápsula interna, radiação talâmica posterior, coroa radiada e fibras comissurais. A técnica de TD se mostrou adequada para a avaliação in vivo de lesões em tratos específicos da substância branca em pacientes com LMP e, portanto, uma potencial ferramenta diagnóstica valiosa. A avaliação de tratos específicos em pacientes com LMP revelou um conjunto de tratos altamente suscetíveis na LMP, informação relevante que pode ser potencialmente utilizada para condução de opções de tratamento no futuro.


Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging shows evidence of brain injury and/or maldevelopment in 70-90% of children with cerebral palsy (CP), though its capability to identify specific white matter tract injury is limited. The great variability of white matter lesions in CP already demonstrated by post-mortem studies is thought to be one of the reasons why response to treatment is so variable. Our hypothesis is that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a suitable technique to provide in vivo characterization of specific white matter tract lesions in children with CP associated with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). In this study, 24 children with CP associated with PVL and 35 healthy controls were evaluated with DTI. Criteria for identification of 26 white matter tracts on the basis of 2D DTI colorcoded maps were established, and a qualitative scoring system, based on visual inspection of the tracts in comparison with age-matched controls, was used to grade the severity of abnormalities for each white matter tract evaluated. There was marked variability in white matter injury pattern in patients with PVL, with the most frequent injury to the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, posterior thalamic radiation, superior corona radiata, and commissural fibers. DTI is a suitable technique for in vivo assessment of specific white matter lesions in patients with PVL and, thus, a potentially valuable diagnostic tool. Tract-specific evaluation revealed a family of tracts that are highly susceptible in PVL, important information that can potentially be used to tailor treatment options in the future.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cerebral Palsy , Child , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
16.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 84(3): 211-216, May-June. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485277

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação de leucomalácia periventricular (LPV) e sepse neonatal em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso (RNMBP). MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos RNMBP com suspeita clínica de infecção nascidos na instituição de 01/08/2005 a 31/07/2007. Foram excluídos óbitos antes dos 14 dias, malformações do sistema nervoso central e infecções congênitas. Foi realizado ultra-som cerebral no terceiro dia e semanalmente até a sexta semana de vida ou alta. LPV foi diagnosticada por hiperecogenicidade difusa periventricular persistente por mais de 7 dias, ou por cistos periventriculares. RNMBP foram divididos em grupos com e sem LPV. Sepse foi definida por manifestação clínica com cultura positiva. Os testes t, Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado e regressão logística foram usados. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 88 RNMBP, sendo que 62 (70,5 por cento) sobreviveram e 51 (57,8 por cento) tiveram LPV. Os grupos foram semelhantes no peso de nascimento, idade gestacional, escore de Apgar, tipo de parto, SNAPPE-II, presenças de enterocolite necrosante, persistência de canal arterial e óbitos. Sepse e ventilação mecânica foram mais freqüentes no grupo com LPV (23,5 e 2,7 por cento, p = 0,005; 86 e 59 por cento, p = 0,004, respectivamente). Na regressão logística, ambos foram fatores de risco independentes para LPV (p = 0,027 e 0,015, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Corioamnionite é fator de risco definido para LPV. Demonstramos que sepse neonatal também é fator de risco importante. Acreditamos que a resposta inflamatória sistêmica seja o principal fator envolvido na etiopatogenia da LPV em RNMBP.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and neonatal sepsis in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). METHODS: We studied VLBWI with a clinical suspicion of infection who had been born at our institution between the 1st of August, 2005 and the 31st of July, 2007. Children were excluded if they died before reaching 14 days, had malformations of the central nervous system or congenital infections. Ultrasound brain scans were carried out on the third day and weekly up until the sixth week of life or discharge. Periventricular leukomalacia was diagnosed by persistent diffuse periventricular hyperechogenecity for more than 7 days, or by periventricular cysts. The VLBWI were separated into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of PVL. Sepsis was defined as clinical manifestation plus a positive culture. The Mann-Whitney, chi-square and t tests were applied followed by logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 88 VLBWI were studied. Of these, 62 (70.5 percent) survived and 51 (57.8 percent) had PVL. Both groups were similar in terms of birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, type of delivery, SNAPPE-II score, presence of necrotizing enterocolitis, persistent ductus arteriosus and deaths. Sepsis and mechanical ventilation were more common in the group with PVL (23.5 and 2.7 percent, p = 0.005; 86 and 59 percent, p = 0.004, respectively). Both of these were identified as, independent risk factors for PVL by logistic regression (p = 0.027 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Chorioamnionitis has been defined as a risk factor for PVL. We have demonstrated that neonatal sepsis is also an important risk factor. We believe that the systemic inflammatory response is the principal factor involved in the etiopathogenesis of PVL among VLBWI.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/etiology , Sepsis/complications , Cohort Studies , Infant, Premature , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
17.
Pró-fono ; 19(4): 357-362, out.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471306

ABSTRACT

TEMA: a paralisia cerebral espástica do tipo diplégica (PC-D) é freqüentemente relacionada à Leucomalácia Periventricular (LPV), a qual geralmente afeta fibras motoras descendentes do córtex de associação e fibras de associação das funções visuais, auditivas e somestésicas. OBJETIVO: verificar o desempenho de crianças com PC-D quanto às habilidades psicolingüísticas. MÉTODO: participaram deste estudo oito indivíduos de ambos os sexos e idade cronológica variando de quatro a seis anos, diagnosticados como PC-D, confirmadas na ressonância magnética a lesão tipo LPV. Foram avaliados por meio do Teste de Illinois de Habilidades Psicolinguísticas (TIHP), Teste de Vocabulário por Imagens Peabody (TVIP), considerando o desempenho cognitivo, o grau de distúrbio motor e o desempenho nos subtestes auditivos e visuais do TIHP. RESULTADOS: os resultados apontaram correlação significante entre desempenho cognitivo e TVIP e a mesma correlação foi confirmada entre o desempenho do TVIP e o subteste de recepção auditiva do TIHP, considerando a idade psicolingüística. Na comparação entre as habilidades auditivas e visuais, os participantes tiveram melhor desempenho nas atividades que envolviam habilidades visuais, confirmando a correlação significante no subteste de associação. Houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre o grau de distúrbio motor e o desempenho psicolingüístico, confirmando a influência do distúrbio motor nestas atividades. CONCLUSÃO: as crianças com PC-D e sinais sugestivos de LPV apresentaram prejuízo nas habilidades psicolingüísticas, justificando a necessidade de estudos adicionais nesta área com o intuito de conhecer melhor o desenvolvimento destas habilidades.


BACKGROUND: spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (D-CP) is frequently related to periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), which usually affects the descending motor fibers of the association cortex and association fibers of the visual, auditory and somesthesic functions. AIM: to verify the performance of children with D-CP regarding their psycholinguistic skills. METHOD: participants were eight individuals of both genders and with chronological ages varying from four to six years, diagnosed with D-CP, having PVL confirmed through magnetic resonance. These children were evaluated through the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), considering the cognitive performance, the level of motor impairment and the performance in the auditory and visual subtests of the ITPA. RESULTS: the results pointed to a significant correlation between the cognitive performance and the PPVT. The same correlation was confirmed between the PPVT and the subtest of auditory reception of the ITPA, when considering the psycholinguistic age. In the comparison between the auditory and visual abilities, the participants demonstrated a better performance in the activities that involved visual abilities, indicating a significant correlation in the association subtest. There was a statistically significant correlation between the level of motor impairment and the psycholinguistic performance, confirming the influence of the motor impairment in these activities. CONCLUSION: the children with D-CP and with suggestive signs of PVL presented deficits in the psycholinguistics abilities, justifying the need of additional studies in this area in order to investigate the development of these abilities.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Cerebral Palsy/psychology , Language Development , Language Development Disorders/psychology , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/psychology , Psychological Tests , Age Distribution , Child Language , Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology , Child Development/physiology , Language Tests , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Leukomalacia, Periventricular/physiopathology , Motor Skills/physiology , Psycholinguistics , Sex Distribution , Visual Perception/physiology
18.
Acta fisiátrica ; 14(3): 154-158, set. 2007.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536587

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho aborda em seu contexto, a incidência da hemorragia periventricular e intraventricular (HPIV) e mecanismos associados como leucomalácia periventricular (LPV) e hidrocefalia pós-hemorrágica (HPH) em recém-nascidos pré-termos. Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos no Centro de Reabilitação Umarizal, no período de janeiro de 2004 a julho de 2005 e comparados com a bibliografia de vários autores que descreveram esta incidência. Cada paciente foi analisado, sendo correlacionadas as seguintes variáveis: idade quando realizada a triagem, diagnóstico, idade gestacional, peso ao nascimento, etiologia e sexo. Após o estudo, os resultados foram significativos em algumas variáveis: por ocasião da triagem 46% (13) com idade entre 1 e 2 anos; diagnóstico- HPIV 14% (4); LPV- 46% (13); idade gestacional de 24 a 26 semanas 32% (9); peso ao nascimento entre 2000 a 3000g 36% (10); etiologia 30% (8) com sépse; 75% (21) dos prontuários analisados eram de crianças do sexo masculino. Considerando os dados coletados, é imprescindível que haja a atuação multidisciplinar através de ações preventivas proporcionando uma maior sobrevida ao recém-nascido considerado de risco ou portador de deficiência, com a estimulação adequada prevenindo ou impedindo danos mais graves, possibilitando a criança desenvolver o máximo do seu potencial.


The main purpose of this review was to analyze the incidence of periventricular, intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) and associated mechanisms such as periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm newborns. The data were obtained at the Division of Rehabilitation Medicine (DMR- HCFMUSP), Umarizal Rehabilitation Center, from January 2004 to July 2005 and compared to the specialized literature. Each patient was thoroughly analyzed and the following variables were correlated: age at the triage, diagnosis, gestational age at birth, birth weight, etiology and gender. The results were significant for some variables: 46% (13) were aged 1 to 2 years at the triage; 14% (4) had a diagnosis of PIVH and 46% (13) of PVL; 32% (9) had gestational age of 24 to 26 weeks at birth; 36% (10) had birth weight of 2,000 to 3,000g; 30% (8) presented an etiology of sepsis and 75% (21) of the patients were males. Considering the data obtained, a multidisciplinary intervention is important to improve survival of these at-risk or impaired newborns through preventive actions, by providing adequate stimulation, averting further damage and allowing maximum development of the child?s potential.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Cerebral Hemorrhage , Hydrocephalus , Infant, Premature
19.
Iatreia ; 18(1): 71-77, mar. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-406192

ABSTRACT

La hemorragia intraventricular (HIV) es la principal complicación neurológica en los prematuros; consiste en sangrado de la matriz germinal y las regiones periventriculares del cerebro. Su frecuencia y gravedad aumentan en la medida en que es menor el peso al nacimiento; se la halla entre 10 y 20 por ciento de los neonatos de 1.000-1.500 gramos y hasta en 70 por ciento en los menores de 700 gramos; se presenta en 85 por ciento de las veces en las primeras 72 horas posparto y en 95 por ciento ya es evidente al finalizar la primera semana; son múltiples los factores maternos y fetales que se han encontrado asociados con el aumento o disminución de su frecuencia, además del uso de algunos medicamentos.Se han propuesto diversos mecanismos fisiopatogénicos asociados a la inmadurez neurológica para explicar la aparición de la HIV.Las manifestaciones clínicas son variables en cuanto a presentación y evolución. La confirmación diagnóstica, la clasificación y el pronóstico se basan en la ecografía transfontanelar.La principal medida preventiva es la disminución de la frecuencia del parto prematuro; los resultados de otras medidas como el uso prenatal y posnatal de algunos medicamentos para evitarla y tratarla han sido variables.El pronóstico depende de la extensión de la hemorragia, del desarrollo de leucomalacia periventricular y del grado de dilatación ventricular.


Neonatal intraventricular hemorrage (IVH) is the main neurological complication in preterm infants involving bleeding into the germinal matrix and the periventricular brain areas. Its incidence and severity are greater with lower birthweigth: from 10-20% in 1.000-1.500 g babies to 70% in those less than 700 g. Most often (85%) it appears during the first 72 hours after birth and almost 95% of the cases are evident by the end of the first week of life. Many maternal and fetal risk factors are associated with the risk of neonatal IVH. Diferent pathogenic mechanisms associated with an immature central nervous system have been proposed to explain IVH. Clinical manifestations and evolution are variable. Transfontanelar cranial ultrasonography permits diagnosis, classification and prognosis of HIV. The main preventive intervention is the reduction of the frequency of preterm delivery; treatment with different drugs before and after delivery to prevent IVH has had variable results. Prognosis depends on the severity of IVH, the development of periventricular leukomalacia and ventriculomegaly.


Subject(s)
Leukomalacia, Periventricular , Infant, Premature , Ultrasonography , Hemorrhage
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